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What is Otitis Externa?

Otitis externa is an infection that causes inflammation (redness and swelling) of the ear canal, which is the tube between the outer ear and the eardrum. Often called "swimmer's ear," this condition occurs when water regularly enters the ear or when the delicate skin of the ear canal becomes damaged.

The condition typically affects one ear and, with proper treatment, symptoms should clear up within a few days. Understanding the causes and symptoms helps ensure prompt treatment and prevents complications.

Common Symptoms of Otitis Externa

Ear Pain

Pain in and around the ear that may worsen when touching the ear or jaw

Itching & Irritation

Persistent itching and irritation inside and around the ear canal

Redness & Swelling

Visible inflammation of the outer ear and ear canal area

Feeling of Fullness

Sensation of pressure and fullness inside the ear

Ear Discharge

Discharge from the ear that may be thin and watery or thick and pus-like

Hearing Loss

Temporary reduction in hearing ability in the affected ear

Important: Usually only one ear is affected. With treatment, symptoms should clear up within a few days, though some cases can persist for several months or longer.

What Causes Otitis Externa?

Most cases of otitis externa are caused by bacterial infection. However, it can also be triggered by irritation, fungal infections, or allergic reactions.

Primary Causes

  • Bacterial Infection – The most common cause
  • Fungal Infections – Less common but can occur
  • Irritation – From objects or substances
  • Allergic Reactions – To ear products or materials

Risk Factors

  • Water Exposure – Swimming or getting water in your ear regularly
  • Skin Damage – Scratching or picking inside the ear
  • Cotton Buds – Inserting objects into the ear canal
  • Skin Conditions – Eczema or dermatitis

Around 1 in 10 people will be affected by otitis externa at some point in their lives. It's slightly more common in women and most often diagnosed in adults aged 45 to 75.

Treatment Options

Self-Care Measures

  • Keep your affected ear dry – wear a shower cap when bathing
  • Avoid swimming until fully cleared
  • Gently remove discharge with cotton wool (outer ear only)
  • Remove potential allergens temporarily (hearing aids, earrings)
  • Use pain relief such as paracetamol or ibuprofen
  • Apply a warm flannel if caused by a boil

Professional Treatment

  • Ear Drops – Prescribed by pharmacist or GP
  • Antibiotic Drops – For bacterial infections
  • Antifungal Drops – For fungal infections
  • Steroid Drops – To reduce inflammation
  • Specialist Referral – If severe or not responding

Important Note

Ear drops usually improve symptoms within a few days. You'll typically use them several times a day for about a week. Your pharmacist can provide advice and treatment – they may recommend over-the-counter drops or suggest speaking to your GP if needed.

How to Prevent Otitis Externa

Do

  • Consider wearing a swimming cap for regular swimming
  • Use ear plugs carefully (if they don't irritate)
  • Have earwax build-up removed professionally
  • Keep your ears dry and clean
  • Turn your head side to side after getting water in your ears
  • Dry ears gently with a towel after swimming or bathing

Don't

  • Insert cotton buds into your ears
  • Put your fingers or other objects in your ears
  • Scratch or pick inside your ear canal
  • Swim in polluted water
  • Let water, soap or shampoo get into your ears
  • Use harsh chemicals or cleaners in your ears

When to Seek Medical Advice

Seek Immediate Advice If:

  • You have severe ear pain
  • You develop a high temperature (fever)
  • You have discharge from your ear
  • Your hearing is significantly reduced
  • Symptoms are getting worse despite treatment
  • You have swollen glands in your throat

Contact your GP urgently or call NHS 111 for advice.

Book an Appointment If:

  • Persistent ear pain or discomfort
  • Itching that won't go away
  • Recurrent episodes of otitis externa
  • Concerns about your symptoms
  • You need advice on prevention if you swim regularly
  • You require professional earwax removal

How Sussex Audiology Centre Can Help

Comprehensive Ear Examinations

Thorough assessment of your ear health to identify any underlying issues or complications from otitis externa.

Professional Earwax Removal

Safe, professional earwax removal to prevent blockages that can contribute to outer ear infections.

Hearing Assessments

If you've experienced hearing loss due to otitis externa, we can assess your hearing and provide appropriate support.

Expert Advice & Aftercare

Ongoing support and guidance on ear health, prevention strategies, and managing recurrent infections.

If you're experiencing symptoms of otitis externa or have ongoing ear health concerns, we're here to help. Our experienced audiologists can provide the assessment and support you need.

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